الحجة

Date
2nd century hijra (final quarter of the 8th century CE).[1]

The results of radiocarbon dating of this manuscript were published by Efim Rezvan. For this manuscript, a 68.3% confidence level (1σ) yields the dating ranges, 781 CE - 791 CE, 825 CE - 843 CE, 859 CE - 903 CE and 915 CE - 977 CE. The 95.4 % confidence level (2σ) yields 775 CE - 995 CE.[2] Palaeographic analysis of this manuscript gave the date around the final quarter of the 8th century CE.[3] This dating was also agreed by François Déroche.[4]

History Of The Manuscript

The major portion of this manuscript is at the Institute of Oriental Studies, St. Petersburg, Russia, with smaller number of folios scattered in Katta Langar, Bukhara and Tashkent. Manuscript E 20 at St. Petersburg was bought by the Institute of Oriental Studies in 1936 from an elderly lady who most probably "purchased" it from the library of Irinei Georgievich Nofal, Professor of Arabic and Islamic law at the School of Oriental Languages of the Ministry of Affairs during the second half of the nineteenth century. Nofal was born into a very well-known Arab-Christian family in Tripoli, Syria, and had received a typical Leventine education and spoke French fluently. He divided his time between commerce, representing foreign powers and literary endeavours. The fate of his library, however, is not as remarkable as his upbringing. Nofal's sons were neither interested in scholarship nor literature and consequently they did not make careers for themselves, preferring to live at their father's expense. Gradually reaching a point where, taking advantage of his advanced years, they secretly sold off his library piecemeal to booksellers. After his death, the entire library was disposed off.[5]

In June 1998, Efim Rezvan published an article with the detailed description of the manuscript at the Institute of Oriental Studies, St. Petersburg, in the ḥijāzī script.[6] About a year later François Déroche published the Qur'anic fragments at Katta Langar and compared it with the manuscript E 20 at St. Petersburg.[7] Here he positively identified both these manuscripts belonging to the same codex. Déroche also mentioned yet another folio from this codex held in the collection of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Bīrūnī Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent. Later Rezvan identified two more folios from this codex held at the Ibn Sīnā Bukhārā Regional Library, Bukhārā. With this information, Rezvan surmised that this codex of the Qur'an originated from the Greater Syria and Nofal brought it with him from his homeland (Tripoli, Syria).[8] The discovery of other folios at Katta Langar, Bukhārā and Tashkent suggests that this manuscript arrived in St. Petersburg via Central Asia. A facsimile edition of this codex was prepared by Rezvan in 2004.[9]

Script & Text

The text is written in what is called the late ḥijāzī script.[10] It was written by two copyists, A and B. In accordance with François Déroche's classification, both hands correspond to the styles B.I and B.II among the early Abbasid scripts.[11] The style of medial jīm / ḥāʾ / khāʾ, however, largely corresponds to style A.I. On the whole the manuscript is indicative of the transition from the ḥijāzī script to later styles. As a rule alif is perpendicular to the line, although it sometimes preserves a slight incline to the right, as does the vertical stroke in tāʾ and lām. Copyist B, a more professional hand, is characterized by a rounded finish to final jīm / ḥāʾ / khāʾ, ʿayn and ghayn, which serves as a principal distinguishing characteristic from copyist A. The number of lines per page varies widely (Copyist A - 23 to 31 lines; Copyist B - 21 to 26 lines), as does the size of the letters.

Diacritical marks to distinguish the consonants are consistently provided in the manuscript. For example, dots above tāʾ are set vertical to the line; dots above the thāʾ are either vertical or in a single horizontal line at a slight angle to the line of the text. Initial and medial qāf are marked both by two dots above the letter and a dot below it; the two

Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton NJ
The School of Historical Studies
Wednesday, January 27, 2016
4-6 pm, White-Levy-Room
Devin J. Stewart
(Emory College of Arts and Sciences)
"The Transmission of Knowledge in Abbasid Iraq: Problems in the Interpretation of the “Catalogue” of Ibn al-Nadim"
The Fihrist of professional bookseller Ibn al-Nadim (d. 990 CE) is a catalogue of books—a bibliography of Arabic works in all fields of science and genres of writing, providing to posterity the equivalent of the card catalogue of the libraries of Baghdad in the late tenth century. At once a crucial source for the historical development of the Islamic science over the previous three centuries and the single most important record of the Abbasid translation movement that facilitated the transmission of scientific knowledge from Greek, Persian, and Sanskrit into Arabic, the Fihrist remains an enigmatic text. Despite concentrated study of the Fihrist since the mid-nineteenth century, editions by Gustav Flügel in 1871-72, Rida Tajaddud in 1971, and Ayman Fu’ad Sayyid in 2009 and 2014, and a complete English translation by Bayard Dodge in 1970, many problems remain in the establishment of the text, the restoration of lacuna, and the interpretation of hundreds of titles, proper names, and enigmatic entries. After an overview of the historical investigation of Ibn al-Nadim and his work, this lecture explores outstanding problems in interpretation of the work, including in particular his discussions of the world’s scripts and Greek scientific patrimony.

@litera9
This catalog, together with the scholarly apparatus also available on this site, offers both art historians and the general public access to the most comprehensive research on the American paintings previously in the collection of the Corcoran Gallery of Art. Annotated essays by prominent and emerging scholars present 102 of the most significant works alongside color plates. Complete curatorial data document the remaining 422 paintings in the collection. These paintings span genre and period, including iconic works of 19th-century landscape painting and portraiture, American impressionism, and early 20th-century realism. The introduction provides the first complete examination of the Corcoran’s history of collecting American art, traced back to its founding in 1869 by William Wilson Corcoran and discussed within the context of American art patronage and institutional collecting.

Mary Cassatt, 1844–1926
◄►◄►◄►◄►◄►◄►◄►
This catalog accompanied an exhibition of works by Mary Cassatt, the sixth in a continuing series organized by the National Gallery of Art to honor important American artists. Cassatt, America’s greatest female artist, was one of a group of American artists, including James McNeill Whistler and John Singer Sargent, who lived and worked abroad. Like them, she benefited from the extraordinary artistic developments occurring in Paris during the last quarter of the 19th century, particularly since Edgar Degas was her mentor. Yet she was able to absorb these influences and combine them with an inherent native quality which marks her work as distinctively American. This catalog includes an introductory biography and notes by Adelyn D. Breeskin, author of Cassatt’s catalogue raisonné, as well as entries and reproductions for each work in the exhibition.

@litera9
As Buddhism spread out from north India, the place of its origin in the sixth century BC, the core ideas of this great religious tradition were often expressed through images. This Bulletin and the exhibition it accompanies, "Tibet and India: Buddhist Traditions and Transformations," focus on Indian and Tibetan Buddhist art of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, a period that witnessed both the end of the rich north Indian Buddhist tradition and the beginning of popular Buddhist practice in Tibet. At this critical juncture in Buddhist history, a number of Tibetan monks traveled down out of the Himalayas to study at the famed monasteries of north India, where many also set about translating the vast corpus of Buddhist texts. As they visited these centers of scholarship and the pilgrimage sites associated with the Buddha's life, the monks encountered refined works of art—from complex stone carvings to delicately illustrated palm-leaf manuscripts—made by workshops that had been active for more than 1,400 years. These profound works of religious art and the Tibetan images that followed them help shed light on how the Tibetans received and transformed the north Indian image-making tradition.

✅ معرفی کتاب چاپ شده به انگلیسی:

Maimonides: Commentary on Hippocrates’ Aphorisms: A New Parallel Arabic–English Edition and Translation, with Critical Editions of the Medieval Hebrew Translations. Volume 2.

Leiden: Brill, 2020.

♦️خلاصه کتاب 🔽
Hippocrates'Aphorisms enjoyed great popularity in the ancient and medieval world and, according to Maimonides, it was Hippocrates' most useful work as it contained aphorisms, which every physician should know by heart. They were translated into Hebrew several times, but it was Maimonides' Commentary on Hippocrates' Aphorismsthat made the work influential in Jewish circles. For the composition of his commentary, Maimonides consulted the Aphorisms through the commentary by Galen, translated by Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq. This edition of Maimonides' Arabic commentary and its Hebrew translations, the first with an English translation based on the Arabic text, is part of a project undertaken by Gerrit Bos to critically edit
Maimonides' medical works.

🆔 @manuscript

Title
Almagest (in the recension of Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī)
Language
Arabic
Author
Ptolemy
Description
The greatest influence on the development of Arabic astronomy (نجوم، ریاضیات) was the Almagest of
Ptolemy (2nd century). The Almagest was translated several times into Arabic in the 9th
century, and in the ensuing centuries attracted countless commentaries &c.
Collection
Arabic Manuscripts and Maps
Holding Institution
Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford

ترجمه عبری قانون ابن سینا
طب

Title:
[Sefer ha-Ḳanon] ... [etc.] [manuscript].

Abstract:
Books 1-3 and the beginning of Book 4 of Avicenna's 11th-century comprehensive medical work, translated into Hebrew from Arabic. At the end of the volume is Maimonides's 12th-century treatise on poisons, a much shorter work, which is also lacking the end of the text and was also translated from Hebrew to Arabic, by Mosheh Ibn Tibon. Marginal notes in Hebrew, with at least one in Italian (f. 44v).

Description:
131 leaves : paper; 195 x 126 (126 x 95) mm. bound to 204 x 148 mm

Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
Richard C. Martin, Asma Afsaruddin, Ali Banuazizi, Daniel Martin Varisco, William Ochsenwald

This reference work includes articles on the history, religion, cultural practices, and political economies of Muslims from the seventh-century in West Asia to today's Muslim societies throughout the continents of Asia, Africa, the Subcontinent, Europe, and the Americas.

Title
Almagest (in the recension of Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī)
Language
Arabic
Author
Ptolemy
Description
The greatest influence on the development of Arabic astronomy (نجوم، ریاضیات) was the Almagest of
Ptolemy (2nd century). The Almagest was translated several times into Arabic in the 9th
century, and in the ensuing centuries attracted countless commentaries &c.
Collection
Arabic Manuscripts and Maps
Holding Institution
Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford

In part VI of the course, we look at the ECG findings seen in common electrolyte disorders and medications. This includes how certain medication work, their clinical importance, and the ECG changes at normal and toxic levels.

Part VII: Artifacts

In part VII of the course, we look at various artifacts, including different types of lead reversals and how to identify them on the ECG.

Part VIII: Inherited Arrhythmia Disorders

In part VIII of the course, we look at certain types of inherited arrhythmia disorders, including their pathophysiology, ECG findings, diagnostic features, and clinical significance.

Part IX: Miscellaneous

In part IX of the course, we look at a number of important clinical conditions and the ECG features that can be seen with each. The pathophysiology and clinical significance is also provided when appropriate.

Part X: Congenital Heart Disease

In part X of the course, we look at various congenital heart diseases. With each topic, we discuss the pathophysiology, ECG features, as well as the clinical significance and prognosis.

In part VI of the course, we look at the ECG findings seen in common electrolyte disorders and medications. This includes how certain medication work, their clinical importance, and the ECG changes at normal and toxic levels.

Part VII: Artifacts

In part VII of the course, we look at various artifacts, including different types of lead reversals and how to identify them on the ECG.

Part VIII: Inherited Arrhythmia Disorders

In part VIII of the course, we look at certain types of inherited arrhythmia disorders, including their pathophysiology, ECG findings, diagnostic features, and clinical significance.

Part IX: Miscellaneous

In part IX of the course, we look at a number of important clinical conditions and the ECG features that can be seen with each. The pathophysiology and clinical significance is also provided when appropriate.

Part X: Congenital Heart Disease

In part X of the course, we look at various congenital heart diseases. With each topic, we discuss the pathophysiology, ECG features, as well as the clinical significance and prognosis.

In part VI of the course, we look at the ECG findings seen in common electrolyte disorders and medications. This includes how certain medication work, their clinical importance, and the ECG changes at normal and toxic levels.

Part VII: Artifacts

In part VII of the course, we look at various artifacts, including different types of lead reversals and how to identify them on the ECG.

Part VIII: Inherited Arrhythmia Disorders

In part VIII of the course, we look at certain types of inherited arrhythmia disorders, including their pathophysiology, ECG findings, diagnostic features, and clinical significance.

Part IX: Miscellaneous

In part IX of the course, we look at a number of important clinical conditions and the ECG features that can be seen with each. The pathophysiology and clinical significance is also provided when appropriate.

Part X: Congenital Heart Disease

In part X of the course, we look at various congenital heart diseases. With each topic, we discuss the pathophysiology, ECG features, as well as the clinical significance and prognosis.