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An outcome of IRCICA’s series of studies on earliest copies of the Holy Quran, this book throws light on the characteristics of the partial copy which is preserved at Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris. Though there is no information as to its date, it is certainly one of the earliest having reached our time, even older than some of those that are attributed to the times of the third and the fourth caliphs. The meticulous analytical study, done by Dr. Tayyar Altıkulaç, an authoritative scholar in Quranic studies, examines its features as to script, orthography and other technical criteria and compares them with those of other earliest Quran copies. The analytical text begins by an account of the fragment’s journey to Paris and an acknowledgement of earlier work on it, particularly the printing of 56 folios of it (out of 79 in the same library and more elsewhere) by François Déroche and Sergio Noja Noseda in 1998. Follows a page-by-page examination of the copy. This the fifth study published by IRCICA in this series. It will be followed by a study on a very early copy of the Quran: the fragment found at Tubingen University Library, Germany.
Not only with its findings and scholarly observations but also with its methodology and coverage, this work is a valuable contribution to studies on the history of the dissemination of the Quran across the world.

An accessible and accurate translation of the Quran that offers a rigorous analysis of its theological, metaphysical, historical, and geographical teachings and backgrounds, and includes extensive study notes, special introductions by experts in the field, and is edited by a top modern Islamic scholar, respected in both the West and the Islamic world.

Drawn from a wide range of traditional Islamic commentaries, including Sunni and Shia sources, and from legal, theological, and mystical texts, The Study Quran conveys the enduring spiritual power of the Quran and offers a thorough scholarly understanding of this holy text.

Beautifully packaged with a rich, attractive two-color layout, this magnificent volume includes essays by 15 contributors, maps, useful notes and annotations in an easy-to-read two-column format, a timeline of historical events, and helpful indices. With The Study Quran, both scholars and lay readers can explore the deeper spiritual meaning of the Quran, examine the grammar of difficult sections, and explore legal and ritual teachings, ethics, theology, sacred history, and the importance of various passages in Muslim life.

With an introduction by its general editor, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, here is a nearly 2,000-page, continuous discussion of the entire Quran that provides a comprehensive picture of how this sacred work has been read by Muslims for over 1,400 years.

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Lessing J. Rosenwald: Tribute to a Collector honors one of the founding benefactors of the National Gallery of Art and the Gallery’s foremost donor of prints and drawings. The Rosenwald Collection, encompassing works of graphic art from medieval times to the present, is the finest of its kind ever to be formed in the United States by a single individual. Rosenwald’s discrimination as a collector is acknowledged throughout the world, and his perceptiveness and generosity have placed the collection of works on paper at the Gallery among the most respected in the country. In this catalog, entries for works include minimal discussion on the works of art themselves; rather, they address the Rosenwald Collection’s formation and significance by discussing particular works within that context.

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Siestan (A memoir on the history, Topography, Ruins and people of the country), by G. P. Tate, 1910

Is the Turk a White Man Race and Modernity in the Making of Turkish Identity by Murat Ergin

Cosmos
By: Carl Sagan, Ann Druyan, Neil deGrasse Tyson
Pages:
432
Cosmos is one of the bestselling science books of all time. In clear-eyed prose, Sagan reveals a jewel-like blue world inhabited by a life form that is just beginning to discover its own identity and to venture into the vast ocean of space. Featuring a new Introduction by Sagan’s collaborator, Ann Druyan, full color illustrations, and a new Foreword by astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, Cosmos retraces the fourteen billion years of cosmic evolution that have transformed matter into consciousness, exploring such topics as the origin of life, the human brain, Egyptian hieroglyphics, spacecraft missions, the death of the Sun, the evolution of galaxies, and the forces and individuals who helped to shape modern science.

Is the Turk a White Man Race and Modernity in the Making of Turkish Identity by Murat Ergin

Jesus is quoted to have said: " s/he who is not born for the second time will not enter the kingdom of heavens".

By second birth Jesus refers to the beginning of voluntary self-building.

Explanation: the first birth of man is the human natural birth from a mother and a father.

By this birth man embarks upon the path of evolutionary determinism and continues his natural movement via a mass of natural laws.

By this birth and movement man neither enters the realm of values nor he ever acquires the ability to acquaint himself with the transparent layers and noble aspects and principles of humanness and nature.

The entrance of human individuals into the mentioned realm and acquisition of this acquaintance begins when man starts to build himself. This is what we call voluntary birth and by this, Jesus takes form. This is the very inception of the season of entering the kingdom of heavens and beholding divine beauty and majesty.

Since then, the truth of justice reveals its sacred face to man and avoiding carnal pleasures for the sake of pursuing an intelligible life makes its real taste perceptible ... Yes, by entering this stage man becomes qualified to behold the kingdom of the heavens and discover majesties beneath its appearances.

✍🏼Ayatollah Mohammad Taqi J’afari.
📗A Commentary of Nahjulbalagheh, vol. 8.

@AbodeofWisdom

💠💠💠﷽💠💠💠

The Qur'an in Islam

Part l

By: Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammad Husain Tabatabai (Blessings of God with him)

The religion of Islam is superior to any other in that it guarantees happiness in man's life. For Muslims, Islam is a belief system with moral and practical laws that have their source in the Qur'an. God, may He be exalted, says,

💢 إِنَّ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ يَهْدِي لِلَّتِي هِيَ أَقْوَمُ وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا كَبِيرًا💢

"Indeed this Quran guides to what is most upright, and gives the good news to the faithful who do righteous deeds that there is a great reward for them"
Isra:09 (Translation Qoli Qarai)

💢 وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِّكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُدًى وَ رَحْمَةً وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ💢

We have sent down the Book to you as a clarification of all things and as guidance, mercy and good news for the submissive.
The Bee:89 (Translation Qoli Qarai)

These references exemplify the numerous Qur'anic verses (ayat) which mention the principles of religious belief, moral virtues and a general legal system governing all aspects of human behavior. A consideration of the following topics will enable one to understand that the Qur'an provides a comprehensive program of activity for man's life.

Man has no other aim in life but the pursuit of happiness and pleasure, which manifests itself in much the same way as love of ease or wealth. Although some individuals seem to reject this happiness, for example, by ending their lives in suicide, or by turning away from a life of leisure, they too, in their own way, confirm this principle of happiness; for, in seeking an end to their life or of material pleasure.

They are still asserting their own personal choice of what happiness means to them. Human actions, therefore, are directed largely by the prospects of happiness and prosperity offered by a certain idea, whether that idea is true or false.

Man's activity in life is guided by a specific plan or program. This fact is self-evident, even though it is sometimes concealed by its very apparentness. Man acts according to his will and desires; he also weighs the necessity of a task before undertaking it.

In this he is promoted by an inherent scientific law, which is to say that he performs a task for "himself" in fulfilling needs which he perceives are necessary. There is, therefore, a direct link between the objective of a task and its ____execution.

Any action undertaken by man, whether it be eating, sleeping or walking, occupies its own specific place and demands its own particular efforts. Yet an action is implemented according to an inherent law, the general concept of which is stored in man's perception and is recalled by motions associated with that action.

This notion holds true whether or not one is obliged to undertake the action or whether or not the circumstances are favorable. Every man, in respect of his own actions, is as the state in relation to its individual citizens, whose activity is controlled by specific laws, customs and behavior.

Just as the active forces in a state are obliged to adapt their actions according to certain laws, so is the social activity of a community composed of the actions of each individual. If this were not the case, the different components of society would fall apart and be destroyed in anarchy in the shortest time imaginable.

If a society is religious, its government will reflect that religion; if it is secular, it will be regulated by a corresponding code of law. If a society is uncivilized and barbaric, a code of behavior imposed by a tyrant will appear; otherwise, the conflict of various belief-systems within such a society will produce lawlessness.

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❇️🌻 Subtle points by Shaykh Tusi in the difference between "Khawf" and "khashiyya"🌻❇️

💠"Although 'khawf' and 'khashiyya' are synonymous lexically, in this terminology there is a difference between the two. Khashiyya being reserved for those who know (ulama).

انما يخشي الله من عباده العلماء
'even so only those of His servants fear (losing God's pleasure/love) who have knowledge' (35:28).

And their paradise is exclusive:

ذالك لمن خشي ربّه
'that is for him who fears (losing His pleasure/love)' (98:8).

💠And they are devoid of any fear (khawf):

لا خوف عليهم و لا هم يحزنون
'no fear shall be on them, neither shall they (be in) sorrow' (10:62).

💠Hence khashiyya is a feeling of awe arising from consciousness of the awe-inspiring greatness of the Truth, Majestic and Exalted, and awareness of one's inadequacy and shortcoming in serving Him, or due to an imagined lapse in the ettiquette of servant-hood, or a breach in necessary obedience. That khashiyya is a special kind of fear indicated by the following [Quranic verse]:

و يخشون ربّهم و يخافون سوء الحساب
'and fear their Lord, and dread the evil (outcome of) reckoning' (13:21).

💠And 'rahbah' (awe) is close to khashiyya:

هدي ورحمة للّذين هم لربّهم يرهبون
'a guidance and mercy unto all those who hold their Lord in awe'.

💠And when the wayfarer attains the station of rida (satisfaction), his fear is turned into security (amn).

اولئك لهم لأمن و هم مّهتدون
'to them belongs the (true) security, and they are the guided' (6:82).

💠Then he is neither repelled by anything repulsive nor attracted by anything desirable, and this security is due to perfection. And if the aforementioned security is due to deficiency, the possessor of this security does not become free from khashiyya until (he's) illuminated by the vision of Unity (wahdah), whereat there remains no trace of khashiyya, for khashiyya is associated with plurality (takathur)".

📚"Awsaf ul Ashraf" by Shaykh Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, section three: on Fear and Grief

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Effects of loving the embellishment of the world (Part 1 of 2)

«وَ يُزَيِّنُ لِي حُبَّ الدُّنْيَا وَ یحُولُ بَینِی وَ بَینَ الطَّاعَةِ وَ الزُّلْفَی» - مناجات شاکین
"And (Satan) embellishes for me the love of this world and separates me from obedience and proximity!" – (the whispered prayer of the complainers)

🍀 In this part of the prayer, Imam Sajjād (a.s) explains two general effects of the love of this world to man, and whilst all of mankind is afflicted with both of them, the second one affects only a special group of people.

🍁 The first effect is being deprived from the obedience of the Almighty Lord. This means that if man fails to obey the Almighty Lord, by the means of the affairs of this world (as has been stipulated for him by the religion), or disobeys the orders of Allah, he should know that he has been fascinated by this world and inevitably, he has fallen far away from the proximity of Allah.

🌿 With regards to such a person, Imām Sajjād (a.s) states:
«رَأْسُ كُلِّ خَطيئَةٍ حُبُّ الدُّنْيا»
“The source of each and every evil is the love for this world.”

*Ayatullah Tahriri*, Commentary on Munājāt al-Shākīn, pg 139 - 140


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📱 @AbodeofWisdom

Jesus is quoted to have said: " s/he who is not born for the second time will not enter the kingdom of heavens".

By second birth Jesus refers to the beginning of voluntary self-building.

Explanation: the first birth of man is the human natural birth from a mother and a father.

By this birth man embarks upon the path of evolutionary determinism and continues his natural movement via a mass of natural laws.

By this birth and movement man neither enters the realm of values nor he ever acquires the ability to acquaint himself with the transparent layers and noble aspects and principles of humanness and nature.

The entrance of human individuals into the mentioned realm and acquisition of this acquaintance begins when man starts to build himself. This is what we call voluntary birth and by this, Jesus takes form. This is the very inception of the season of entering the kingdom of heavens and beholding divine beauty and majesty.

Since then, the truth of justice reveals its sacred face to man and avoiding carnal pleasures for the sake of pursuing an intelligible life makes its real taste perceptible ... Yes, by entering this stage man becomes qualified to behold the kingdom of the heavens and discover majesties beneath its appearances.

✍🏼Ayatollah Mohammad Taqi J’afari.
📗A Commentary of Nahjulbalagheh, vol. 8.

@AbodeofWisdom

Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility

Thoracic cage هذا
Cavity هو space
second largest hollow space of the body. It is enclosed by the ribs, the vertebral column, and the sternum, or breastbone, and is separated from the abdominal cavity (the body's largest hollow space) by a muscular and membranous partition, the diaphragm

Why is there a difference in the age of the fetus when it is measured by ultrasound and when it is measured normally?
ممكن الجواب

A 54-year-old male develops a thrombus in his left anterior descending coronary artery. The area
of myocardium supplied by this vessel is ir- reversibly injured. The thrombus is destroyed by the
infusion of streptokinase, which is a plasminogen activator, and the injured area is reperfused. The
patient, however, develops an arrhythmia and dies. An electron microscopic (EM) picture taken of
the irreversibly injured myocardium reveals the presence of large, dark, irregular amorphic densities within mitochondria, which are referred to as
A. Apoptotic bodies
B. Flocculent densities
C. Myelin figures
D. Psammoma bodies