مجموعة المكتبة الطبية الحديثة

✅ Discussions on Islamic manuscripts (group)

🔹In the name of Allah,
the subject of this group's activity is discussions of "Islamic manuscripts".
The Islamic manuscript is a manuscript that written in the "Arabic script & alphabet", although the language is not Arabic or the subject of the work isn't Islamic, or the author is not Muslim.

It should be noted that this group is special for foreign professors, researchers, and students interested in the subject of manuscripts and related topics.

The group intends to answer the research questions and needs of researchers in the field of Islamic manuscripts.

The conversational language in this group will be preferred English or one of the European languages.

To join this private group, the non-Iranian professors, researchers, and students, can they send a message to the admin (@mankdim).
Thank you💐

🆔 @manuscript

✅ Discussions on Islamic manuscripts (group)

🔹In the name of Allah,
the subject of this group's activity is discussions of "Islamic manuscripts".
The Islamic manuscript is a manuscript that written in the "Arabic script & alphabet", although the language is not Arabic or the subject of the work isn't Islamic, or the author is not Muslim.

It should be noted that this group is special for foreign professors, researchers, and students interested in the subject of manuscripts and related topics.

The group intends to answer the research questions and needs of researchers in the field of Islamic manuscripts.

The conversational language in this group will be preferred English or one of the European languages.

To join this private group, the non-Iranian professors, researchers, and students, can they send a message to the admin (@mankdim).
Thank you💐

🆔 @manuscript

Christmas tree?

This is what the Bible says about the trees:

Jeremiah Ch 10 V 2-4

👇🏼

This is what the LORD says: "Do not learn the ways of the nations or be terrified by signs in the heavens, though the nations are terrified by them.

For the practices of the peoples are worthless; they cut a tree out of the forest, and a craftsman shapes it with his chisel.

They adorn it with silver and gold; they fasten it with hammer and nails so it will not totter.

Directives from the grand Ayatollah Shaykh Ishaq Fayyadh may God prolong his life, Relayed by his son, during his visit, to the Unites States of America in April 2012

3-- In order to avoid such ills, one can found centers for intellectual thought and hold religious sermons. The language of the modern times should be taken into account. Hence, the positives and negatives of western social contract should be pointed out. These should be distinguished from the nature of the religious concepts. The consequences of the negatives and cons of such societies, as well as the fraud of their short-term benefits, should be explained. For it is certain that the more a human being depends on civil society and personal abilities, without connecting to God through worship or remembrance which manifests in action, the more aspects of error become apparent due to this overindulgence. This is sure to reflect upon those societies. If this were to be analyzed and its consequences were to be presented properly, on the one hand, and if the instincts regarding the need for the Absolute Creator – the One toward whom all souls direct themselves – were to be awakened, on the other hand; and if this all were to be coupled with clear-cut proof that the Islamic faith is the truth, this would yield a secure perimeter for the Muslim youth. For others, it would also be a deep signifier indicating the correctness and authenticity of our beliefs.
It is also no secret that reviving the commemoration rituals of Imam Husain (pbuh) has a role in the conscience and depth of the Islamic cause, generally, in the hearts of people and specifically in the school of Ahl-ul-Bayt (peace be upon them) as well. Indeed, generally, societies empathize with the ideals and values which are embodied in the struggle of individuals. In the moments of a human’s interaction with the lofty values manifested in certain stands and actions, the darkness of concepts gained unwillingly or unconsciously due to indulging in a particular way of life is removed from one’s self. This shaking within the souls is a result of the ring (sounded) by the tragedy of the Master of Martyrs, with all of its authentic factors (at play). From the side of Imam Husain and his family (peace be upon them) to what they faced from his enemies who claimed to follow his faith. This will remove those souls from the cloak of plunging to obey evil, such as hoarding, greed, and love of debasing desires, and drag them compellingly to stand in line with the call of humanity’s innate nature. (The call will have them) join up with the caravan of virtue, honor, and lofty meanings with Imam Husain (peace be upon him) and his companions. After which, a human being would not accept for him/herself a surface-level faith which is polluted with sins and faults.

It should be noted that reviving the commemoration rituals of Imam Husain (peace be upon him) is the best guarantee for raising the young generation with religious values and virtues. That is because these (rituals) include practices beloved to their souls. Indeed, the actions of the limbs solidify the gains of their hearts for them.

@AbodeofWisdom

🔺Ayatollah Sayed Kamal al Hayderi:

✔️I imagine that the walk to Imam Hussain (peace be with him’s shrine) on Arbaeen is from the most important keys and strongest (activities) of this blessed movement for spreading the message of (Imam) Hussain (peace be with him). However, subject to conditions, (it is) to benefit and profit (people) in knowledge, thought, education, and awakening of the Ummah. however, is this happening or not?

✔️We see all the tents (during the walk), (so) what is their purpose? Is their purpose and aim intellectual and educational? Or is their purpose just to give food and other services? Which one of them? May God reward those who are presenting these services (of food, water, and other services to the pilgrims)!

✔️However, the issue (at hand) is greater than (just) these services (of food etc). Imam Hussain (peace be with him’s objective) wasn’t just for people to walk to him 500 km or 5000 km. Rather he wanted his cause to be a torch that gives light to the path, to humanity. That is why if you were to refer to Imam Hussain’s (peace be with him) speech in Karbala, you will find him saying,

✔️ “If you don’t believe in the last day (day of Judgment), then (at least) be free men in your world!”

✔️(If) These words aren’t directed to me, (then) who is it directed to? To the Shi’a… No! To the Muslims… No! To those who believe in God… No! (Rather) it was directed to all of humanity, even to those who don’t believe in the Day of Judgment.

✔️This is who Hussain (peace be with him) is. (So) what I say now is directed to all those millions that go to the grave of Abi Abdillah al Hussain (peace be with him). We find the (above) hadith very clear… even if there isn’t a narration, we don’t need it, the Quranic text suffices. Are we at the present moment able to benefit (truly) from these rites and send a message to humanity, or do we find (with great regret) that this holy act and this sacrifice (of Imam Hussain peace be with him) of which there is none like it in history and even till the Day of Judgment a like will never come, has it (instead) fallen into the hands of ignorant people?

✔️I say ignorant, however I don’t doubt the intentions of anyone. I’m not saying that those who call towards some of these acts are like this or that… Never! But what I want to say, is that these acts are in reality in opposition to the movement of Imam Hussain (peace be with him) and it is upon the religious institutions (which) I shout and say again (that it is) upon the religious institutions to take these affairs relating to Imam Hussain (peace be with him) and to make them the most important thing for humanity, and to wake up the Ummah to reach the aims that Imam Hussain (peace be with him) wanted.

@AbodeofWisdom

💠💠💠﷽💠💠💠

The Qur'an in Islam

Part l

By: Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Mohammad Husain Tabatabai (Blessings of God with him)

The religion of Islam is superior to any other in that it guarantees happiness in man's life. For Muslims, Islam is a belief system with moral and practical laws that have their source in the Qur'an. God, may He be exalted, says,

💢 إِنَّ هَٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ يَهْدِي لِلَّتِي هِيَ أَقْوَمُ وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا كَبِيرًا💢

"Indeed this Quran guides to what is most upright, and gives the good news to the faithful who do righteous deeds that there is a great reward for them"
Isra:09 (Translation Qoli Qarai)

💢 وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِّكُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُدًى وَ رَحْمَةً وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ💢

We have sent down the Book to you as a clarification of all things and as guidance, mercy and good news for the submissive.
The Bee:89 (Translation Qoli Qarai)

These references exemplify the numerous Qur'anic verses (ayat) which mention the principles of religious belief, moral virtues and a general legal system governing all aspects of human behavior. A consideration of the following topics will enable one to understand that the Qur'an provides a comprehensive program of activity for man's life.

Man has no other aim in life but the pursuit of happiness and pleasure, which manifests itself in much the same way as love of ease or wealth. Although some individuals seem to reject this happiness, for example, by ending their lives in suicide, or by turning away from a life of leisure, they too, in their own way, confirm this principle of happiness; for, in seeking an end to their life or of material pleasure.

They are still asserting their own personal choice of what happiness means to them. Human actions, therefore, are directed largely by the prospects of happiness and prosperity offered by a certain idea, whether that idea is true or false.

Man's activity in life is guided by a specific plan or program. This fact is self-evident, even though it is sometimes concealed by its very apparentness. Man acts according to his will and desires; he also weighs the necessity of a task before undertaking it.

In this he is promoted by an inherent scientific law, which is to say that he performs a task for "himself" in fulfilling needs which he perceives are necessary. There is, therefore, a direct link between the objective of a task and its ____execution.

Any action undertaken by man, whether it be eating, sleeping or walking, occupies its own specific place and demands its own particular efforts. Yet an action is implemented according to an inherent law, the general concept of which is stored in man's perception and is recalled by motions associated with that action.

This notion holds true whether or not one is obliged to undertake the action or whether or not the circumstances are favorable. Every man, in respect of his own actions, is as the state in relation to its individual citizens, whose activity is controlled by specific laws, customs and behavior.

Just as the active forces in a state are obliged to adapt their actions according to certain laws, so is the social activity of a community composed of the actions of each individual. If this were not the case, the different components of society would fall apart and be destroyed in anarchy in the shortest time imaginable.

If a society is religious, its government will reflect that religion; if it is secular, it will be regulated by a corresponding code of law. If a society is uncivilized and barbaric, a code of behavior imposed by a tyrant will appear; otherwise, the conflict of various belief-systems within such a society will produce lawlessness.

💠 💠@AbodeofWisdom 💠 💠

🔹🔸🔸🔸🔹🔸🔸🔸🔹🔸🔸🔸🔹

🔸 Sixth: The type, value, and conditions of what should be paid of Zakat al-Fitra.

Zakat al-Fitra should be given about three kilos per head of wheat or barley or dates or raisins or rice or millet etc.

It is also sufficient if he pays the price of one of these items in cash. As per obligatory precaution, he should not give from that food which is not staple in his place, even if it be wheat, barley, dates or raisins.

It is necessary that wheat or any other thing which a person gives as fitrah is not mixed with another commodity or dust, and if it is mixed, but in its pure form it equals a sa’a (about 3 kilos) and the quantity of the thing mixed with it is negligible or usable, there is no harm in it.

If a person gives fitrah from a thing which is inferior or defective, it will not be sufficient.

🔸 Seventh:The rulings of payment

🔹 Time of Payment
It is not correct to give fitrah before the month of Ramadhan, and it is better that it should not be given even during the month of Ramadhan. However, if a person gives loan to a poor person before Ramadhan, and adjusts the loan against fitrah, when payment of fitrah becomes obligatory, there is no harm in it.

🔹 Deadline for the Payment
If a person offers Eid ul fitr prayers, he should, on the basis of obligatory precaution, give fitrah before Eid prayers. But if he does not offer Eid prayers, he can delay giving fitrah till Zuhr.

🔹 Delivery time
If a person sets aside fitrah from his main wealth, and does not give it to a person entitled to receive it till Zuhr of Eid day, he should make Niyyat of fitrah as and when he gives it.

If a person does not give fitrah at the time when its payment becomes obligatory, and does not also set it aside, he should give fitrah later on the basis of precaution, without making the Niyyat of ada or qadha.

🔸 Eighth: Exchanging the Amount Earmarked for Zakat al-Fitr

If a person sets aside fitrah, he cannot take it for his own use, and replace it with another sum or thing.

🔸 Ninth: How to Deliver Zakat al-Fitra

It is not necessary that the poor to whom fitrah is given should know that this is as Zakat al-Fitra.

@AbodeOfWisdom
🔹🔸🔸🔸🔹🔸🔸🔸🔹🔸🔸🔸🔹

Zakat-e Fitra is obligatory (Wajib) on the individual who is an adult, sane and financially capable.

Zakat-e Fitrah should be set aside on the eve preceding Eid-e Fitr day and be paid on the day itself, which marks the first day of the month of Shawwal. It may also be paid earlier to the poor/needy mominin, or to who will take the responsibility to distribute zakat-e fitrah during eid day to the needy/poor mominin. It is not necessary that the poor/needy to whom fitrah is given should know that this is as zakat-e fitrah.

From the time of sunset on the night preceding Eid day (last night of month of Ramadhan), until next day before Eid prayers (maximum delay in giving fitrah is till Zohr), person should give zakat-e fitrah with the only intention of “Qorbatan Ila-llah”, that is, to comply with the pleasure of Almighty Allah. He should give, for himself as well as on behalf of all those who are his dependents (even if one’s child is born before the sunset), about three kilos per head of wheat or barley or dates or raisins or rice or millet etc.

It is also sufficient if he pays the price of one of these items in cash. It is necessary that wheat or any other thing which a person gives as fitrah is not mixed with another commodity, dust, sand gravels, and if it is mixed, but in its pure form it equals about 3 kilos, and the quantity of the thing mixed with it is negligible or usable, there is no harm in it. If a person gives fitrah from a thing which is inferior or defective, it will not be sufficient.

It is not correct to give fitrah before the month of Ramadhan, and it is better that it should not be given even during the month of Ramadhan. However, if a person gives loan to a poor/needy momin person before Ramadhan, and adjusts the loan as fitrah on the night of preceding Eid day until eid-e fitr prayers, as to be used in the Eid day (when payment of fitrah becomes obligatory), there is no harm in it.

If a person does not give fitrah at the time when its payment becomes obligatory, and does not also set it aside, he should give fitrah later on the basis of precaution.

@AbodeofWisdom

Zakat-e Fitra is obligatory (Wajib) on the individual who is an adult, sane and financially capable.

Zakat-e Fitrah should be set aside on the eve preceding Eid-e Fitr day and be paid on the day itself, which marks the first day of the month of Shawwal. It may also be paid earlier to the poor/needy mominin, or to who will take the responsibility to distribute zakat-e fitrah during eid day to the needy/poor mominin. It is not necessary that the poor/needy to whom fitrah is given should know that this is as zakat-e fitrah.

From the time of sunset on the night preceding Eid day (last night of month of Ramadhan), until next day before Eid prayers (maximum delay in giving fitrah is till Zohr), person should give zakat-e fitrah with the only intention of “Qorbatan Ila-llah”, that is, to comply with the pleasure of Almighty Allah. He should give, for himself as well as on behalf of all those who are his dependents (even if one’s child is born before the sunset), about three kilos per head of wheat or barley or dates or raisins or rice or millet etc.

It is also sufficient if he pays the price of one of these items in cash. It is necessary that wheat or any other thing which a person gives as fitrah is not mixed with another commodity, dust, sand gravels, and if it is mixed, but in its pure form it equals about 3 kilos, and the quantity of the thing mixed with it is negligible or usable, there is no harm in it. If a person gives fitrah from a thing which is inferior or defective, it will not be sufficient.

It is not correct to give fitrah before the month of Ramadhan, and it is better that it should not be given even during the month of Ramadhan. However, if a person gives loan to a poor/needy momin person before Ramadhan, and adjusts the loan as fitrah on the night of preceding Eid day until eid-e fitr prayers, as to be used in the Eid day (when payment of fitrah becomes obligatory), there is no harm in it.

If a person does not give fitrah at the time when its payment becomes obligatory, and does not also set it aside, he should give fitrah later on the basis of precaution.

@AbodeofWisdom

Zakat-e Fitra is obligatory (Wajib) on the individual who is an adult, sane and financially capable.

Zakat-e Fitrah should be set aside on the eve preceding Eid-e Fitr day and be paid on the day itself, which marks the first day of the month of Shawwal. It may also be paid earlier to the poor/needy mominin, or to who will take the responsibility to distribute zakat-e fitrah during eid day to the needy/poor mominin. It is not necessary that the poor/needy to whom fitrah is given should know that this is as zakat-e fitrah.

From the time of sunset on the night preceding Eid day (last night of month of Ramadhan), until next day before Eid prayers (maximum delay in giving fitrah is till Zohr), person should give zakat-e fitrah with the only intention of “Qorbatan Ila-llah”, that is, to comply with the pleasure of Almighty Allah. He should give, for himself as well as on behalf of all those who are his dependents (even if one’s child is born before the sunset), about three kilos per head of wheat or barley or dates or raisins or rice or millet etc.

It is also sufficient if he pays the price of one of these items in cash. It is necessary that wheat or any other thing which a person gives as fitrah is not mixed with another commodity, dust, sand gravels, and if it is mixed, but in its pure form it equals about 3 kilos, and the quantity of the thing mixed with it is negligible or usable, there is no harm in it. If a person gives fitrah from a thing which is inferior or defective, it will not be sufficient.

It is not correct to give fitrah before the month of Ramadhan, and it is better that it should not be given even during the month of Ramadhan. However, if a person gives loan to a poor/needy momin person before Ramadhan, and adjusts the loan as fitrah on the night of preceding Eid day until eid-e fitr prayers, as to be used in the Eid day (when payment of fitrah becomes obligatory), there is no harm in it.

If a person does not give fitrah at the time when its payment becomes obligatory, and does not also set it aside, he should give fitrah later on the basis of precaution.

@AbodeofWisdom

🔺Ayatollah Sayed Kamal al Hayderi:

✔️I imagine that the walk to Imam Hussain (peace be with him’s shrine) on Arbaeen is from the most important keys and strongest (activities) of this blessed movement for spreading the message of (Imam) Hussain (peace be with him). However, subject to conditions, (it is) to benefit and profit (people) in knowledge, thought, education, and awakening of the Ummah. however, is this happening or not?

✔️We see all the tents (during the walk), (so) what is their purpose? Is their purpose and aim intellectual and educational? Or is their purpose just to give food and other services? Which one of them? May God reward those who are presenting these services (of food, water, and other services to the pilgrims)!

✔️However, the issue (at hand) is greater than (just) these services (of food etc). Imam Hussain (peace be with him’s objective) wasn’t just for people to walk to him 500 km or 5000 km. Rather he wanted his cause to be a torch that gives light to the path, to humanity. That is why if you were to refer to Imam Hussain’s (peace be with him) speech in Karbala, you will find him saying,

✔️ “If you don’t believe in the last day (day of Judgment), then (at least) be free men in your world!”

✔️(If) These words aren’t directed to me, (then) who is it directed to? To the Shi’a… No! To the Muslims… No! To those who believe in God… No! (Rather) it was directed to all of humanity, even to those who don’t believe in the Day of Judgment.

✔️This is who Hussain (peace be with him) is. (So) what I say now is directed to all those millions that go to the grave of Abi Abdillah al Hussain (peace be with him). We find the (above) hadith very clear… even if there isn’t a narration, we don’t need it, the Quranic text suffices. Are we at the present moment able to benefit (truly) from these rites and send a message to humanity, or do we find (with great regret) that this holy act and this sacrifice (of Imam Hussain peace be with him) of which there is none like it in history and even till the Day of Judgment a like will never come, has it (instead) fallen into the hands of ignorant people?

✔️I say ignorant, however I don’t doubt the intentions of anyone. I’m not saying that those who call towards some of these acts are like this or that… Never! But what I want to say, is that these acts are in reality in opposition to the movement of Imam Hussain (peace be with him) and it is upon the religious institutions (which) I shout and say again (that it is) upon the religious institutions to take these affairs relating to Imam Hussain (peace be with him) and to make them the most important thing for humanity, and to wake up the Ummah to reach the aims that Imam Hussain (peace be with him) wanted.

@AbodeofWisdom

There is a saying about surgeons, meant as a reproof: “Sometimes wrong; never in doubt.” But this seemed to me their strength. Every day, surgeons are faced with uncertainties. Information is inadequate; the science is ambiguous; one’s knowledge and abilities are never perfect. Even with the simplest operation, it cannot be taken for granted that a patient will come through better off—or even alive.

- Complications: a surgeon's notes on an imperfect science

✅ Discussions on Islamic manuscripts (group)

🔹In the name of Allah,
the subject of this group's activity is discussions of "Islamic manuscripts".
The Islamic manuscript is a manuscript that written in the "Arabic script & alphabet", although the language is not Arabic or the subject of the work isn't Islamic, or the author is not Muslim.

It should be noted that this group is special for foreign professors, researchers, and students interested in the subject of manuscripts and related topics.

The group intends to answer the research questions and needs of researchers in the field of Islamic manuscripts.

The conversational language in this group will be preferred English or one of the European languages.

To join this private group, the non-Iranian professors, researchers, and students, can they send a message to the admin (@mankdim).
Thank you💐

🆔 @manuscript

✅ Discussions on Islamic manuscripts (group)

🔹In the name of Allah,
the subject of this group's activity is discussions of "Islamic manuscripts".
The Islamic manuscript is a manuscript that written in the "Arabic script & alphabet", although the language is not Arabic or the subject of the work isn't Islamic, or the author is not Muslim.

It should be noted that this group is special for foreign professors, researchers, and students interested in the subject of manuscripts and related topics.

The group intends to answer the research questions and needs of researchers in the field of Islamic manuscripts.

The conversational language in this group will be preferred English or one of the European languages.

To join this private group, the non-Iranian professors, researchers, and students, can they send a message to the admin (@mankdim).
Thank you💐

🆔 @manuscript

✅ Discussions on Islamic manuscripts (group)

🔹In the name of Allah,
the subject of this group's activity is discussions of "Islamic manuscripts".
The Islamic manuscript is a manuscript that written in the "Arabic script & alphabet", although the language is not Arabic or the subject of the work isn't Islamic, or the author is not Muslim.

It should be noted that this group is special for foreign professors, researchers, and students interested in the subject of manuscripts and related topics.

The group intends to answer the research questions and needs of researchers in the field of Islamic manuscripts.

The conversational language in this group will be preferred English or one of the European languages.

To join this private group, the non-Iranian professors, researchers, and students, can they send a message to the admin (@mankdim).
Thank you💐

🆔 @manuscript

✅ Discussions on Islamic manuscripts (group)

🔹In the name of Allah,
the subject of this group's activity is discussions of "Islamic manuscripts".
The Islamic manuscript is a manuscript that written in the "Arabic script & alphabet", although the language is not Arabic or the subject of the work isn't Islamic, or the author is not Muslim.

It should be noted that this group is special for foreign professors, researchers, and students interested in the subject of manuscripts and related topics.

The group intends to answer the research questions and needs of researchers in the field of Islamic manuscripts.

The conversational language in this group will be preferred English or one of the European languages.

To join this private group, the non-Iranian professors, researchers, and students, can they send a message to the admin (@mankdim).
Thank you💐

🆔 @manuscript

✅ Discussions on Islamic manuscripts

🔹In the name of Allah, the subject of this group's activity is discussions of "Islamic manuscripts".
The Islamic manuscript is a manuscript that written in the "Arabic script & alphabet", although the language is not Arabic or the subject of the work isn't Islamic, or the author is not Muslim.

It should be noted that this group is special for foreign professors, researchers, and students interested in the subject of manuscripts and related topics.

The group intends to answer the research questions and needs of researchers in the field of Islamic manuscripts.

The conversational language in this group will be preferred English or one of the European languages.

To join this private group, the non-Iranian professors, researchers, and students, can they send a message to the admin (@mankdim).

Thank you💐

✅ Discussions on Islamic manuscripts (group)

🔹In the name of Allah,
the subject of this group's activity is discussions of "Islamic manuscripts".
The Islamic manuscript is a manuscript that written in the "Arabic script & alphabet", although the language is not Arabic or the subject of the work isn't Islamic, or the author is not Muslim.

It should be noted that this group is special for foreign professors, researchers, and students interested in the subject of manuscripts and related topics.

The group intends to answer the research questions and needs of researchers in the field of Islamic manuscripts.

The conversational language in this group will be preferred English or one of the European languages.

To join this private group, the non-Iranian professors, researchers, and students, can they send a message to the admin (@mankdim).
Thank you💐

🆔 @manuscript

Kidney Stones MCQ Answers

1) The renal calculi seen in patients with distal RTA are most likely to be:
a) Struvite
b) Uric acid
c) Calcium phosphate
d) Calcium oxalate
e) Mixed calcium phosphate/oxalate
2) A contributing cause to renal calculi in patients with distal RTA is:
a) Hyperoxaluria
b) Hyperuricosuria
c) Enhanced distal nephron calcium reabsorption
d) Hypocitratuia
e) Hypermagnesuria
3) A 40-year-old patient has a radiopaque staghorn calculus by KUB and spiral CT scanning. This stone can NOT be:
a) Cystine
b) Struvite
c) Uric acid
d) Calcium oxalate
e) Mixed calcium phosphate/oxalate
4) A 38-year-old man has his first renal stone two years following ileal resection for Crohn’s Disease. His GI disease is currently quiescent. The underlying metabolic factor most likely is:
a) Hyperoxaluria
b) Hypocitraturia
c) Hyperuricosuria
d) Hypokalemia
e) Elevated 1,25 di-OH Vitamin D level
5) Raising the urine pH to 7 or above is most important in patients with:
a) Struvite stones
b) Calcium oxalate stones
c) Cystine stones
d) Medullary sponge kidney
e) Uric acid stones