نسخ خطی تصحیح شده

Shii Studies Review, Volume One Issue One, dedicated to Hossein Modarressi, is about to go to the press. Here is a preview of its contents:
Editors’ Preface
Articles
Abū Yaʿqūb al-Siǧistānī and his Iṯbāt al-nubuwwāt (Prophecy’s Proof)
Paul Walker
L'auteur des Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ selon les sources ismaéliennes ṭayyibites
Daniel De Smet
Naṣṣ: Some Clarification on an Expository Term
Rodrigo Adem
Treatises on the Salvation of Abū Ṭālib
Nebil Husayn
Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī’s Kašf al-rība ʿan aḥkām al-ġība and Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī’s Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn
Devin Stewart
Notes on an Arabic translation of the Pentateuch in the library of the Twelver Šīʿī scholar Raḍī al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Saʿd Ibn Ṭāwūs (d. 664/1266)
Sabine Schmidtke
Shii Treasures in North American and European Libraries
A Zaydī Multitext Manuscript from the Glaser Collection (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin): MS Glaser 37
Ekaterina Pukhovaya
Philosophical Theology among sixth/twelfth century Twelver Šīʿites: From Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (alive in 573/1177) to Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (d. 672/1274): A Critical Edition of Two Theological Tracts by ʿAbd Allāh Ibn Ḥamza al-maʿrūf bi-Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Preserved in MS Landberg 510 (Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University)
Hassan Ansari & Sabine Schmidtke
Short Notices
“The Acquisition and Transmission of Knowledge: The Role of Shīʿī Institutions of Learning in the Spread and Defense of a Tradition” (Shi’i Studies Group at the University of Chicago, Annual Meeting, April 1-2, 2016) (Conference report)
Edmund Hayes
“Second International Conference on Shi’i Studies” (London, May 7-8, 2016) (Conference report)
Edmund Hayes
“Intellectual Interactions in the Islamic World: The Ismaili Thread” (The Institute of Ismaili Studies, London, October 19-21, 2016) (Conference report)
Orkhan Mir-Kasimov

🔵 ليست نسخه‌هاي خطي معرفي شده در فهرست نسخ خطي عربي کتابخانه فرهنگستان علوم مجارستان (چاپ انتشارات بريل ـ ليدن، 2016):

The Koran / al-Qurʾān al-karīm
Tradition / Ḥadīṯ
Qurʾānic Sciences / ʿUlūm al-qurʾān
Theology / ʿIlm al-ʿaqāʾid

Jurisprudence / Fiqh
1 ʿIlm al-uṣūl
1.1 The Muḫtaṣar al-Muntahā fī l-uṣūl of Ibn al-Ḥāǧib
(570–646/1174–1249) and Its Commentaries
1.2 Miscellaneous Tracts
2 ʿIlm al-furūʿ
2.1 Ḥanafī Compendia
2.1.1 The Muḫtaṣar of al-Qudūrī (362–428/972–1037) and Its Commentaries
2.1.2 Commentaries on the Ġurar al-aḥkām of Molla Ḫusraw (d. 885/1480)
2.1.3 The Multaqā l-abḥur of al-Ḥalabī (d. 956/1549) and Its Commentaries
2.1.4 Miscellaneous Ḥanafī Tracts
2.2 Šāfiʿī Compendia
2.3 Ḥanbalī and Mālikī Compendia
2.4 Aḥkām al-ṣalāt
2.5 Islamic Law of Inheritence / ʿilm al-farāʾiḍ

Mysticism / Taṣawwuf
1 Ṣūfī Literature
2 Prayer Books
3 Fortune Telling, Geomancy / Fālnāma, ʿIlm al-raml

History / Tārīḫ

Literature / Adab

Language Sciences
1 Syntax / Naḥw
1.1 al-ʿAwāmil al-miʾa of al-Ǧurǧānī (d. 471/1078) and Its Commentaries
1.2 al-Miṣbāḥ fī ʿilm al-naḥw of al-Muṭarrizī (538–610/1144–1213) and Its Commentaries
1.3 The Kāfiya of Ibn al-Ḥāǧib (d. 646/1249) and Its Commentaries
1.4 The Alfīya of Ibn Mālik (d. 672/1274) and Its Commentaries
1.5 Works by al-Birkawī (d. 981/1573) and Their Commentaries
1.6 Miscellaneous Works
2 Morphology / ʿIlm al-ṣarf
2.1 The Marāḥ al-arwāḥ of Ibn Masʿūd (7th/13th c.)
2.2 The Taṣrīf of al-Zanǧānī (d. 655/1257) and Its Commentaries
2.3 al-Maqṣūd fī l-ṣarf and Its Commentaries
2.4 Miscellaneous Treatises
3 Lexicography / ʿIlm al-luġa
4 Rhetoric / Balāġa

Philosophy / Falsafa

Logic / Manṭiq
1 The Īsāġūǧī of al-Abharī (d. 663/1265) and Its Commentaries
2 al-Risāla al-Šamsīya by al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī (d. 675/1276) and Its Commentaries
3 Commentaries on Tahḏīb al-manṭiq wa-l-kalām of al-Taftāzānī (d. 793/1390)
4 Disputation / ʿIlm al-munāẓara wa-ādāb al-baḥṯ

Miscellanea
1 Encyclopaedia / al-Maʿāǧim al-ǧāmiʿa
2 Education / Tarbiya
3 Classification of Sciences / Tartīb al-ʿulūm
4 Horsemanship / Furūsīya
5 Mathematics / Riyāḍīyāt

Christian Books
@manuscript

An outcome of IRCICA’s series of studies on earliest copies of the Holy Quran, this book throws light on the characteristics of the partial copy which is preserved at Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris. Though there is no information as to its date, it is certainly one of the earliest having reached our time, even older than some of those that are attributed to the times of the third and the fourth caliphs. The meticulous analytical study, done by Dr. Tayyar Altıkulaç, an authoritative scholar in Quranic studies, examines its features as to script, orthography and other technical criteria and compares them with those of other earliest Quran copies. The analytical text begins by an account of the fragment’s journey to Paris and an acknowledgement of earlier work on it, particularly the printing of 56 folios of it (out of 79 in the same library and more elsewhere) by François Déroche and Sergio Noja Noseda in 1998. Follows a page-by-page examination of the copy. This the fifth study published by IRCICA in this series. It will be followed by a study on a very early copy of the Quran: the fragment found at Tubingen University Library, Germany.
Not only with its findings and scholarly observations but also with its methodology and coverage, this work is a valuable contribution to studies on the history of the dissemination of the Quran across the world.

Just Published
Keys to the Sciences (Maqālīd al-ʿulūm): A Gift for the Muzaffarid Shāh Shujāʿ on the Definitions of Technical Terms
Editors: Gholamreza Dadkhah and Reza Pourjavady

Maqālīd al-ʿulūm (Keys to the Sciences) is a significant source on definitions of Arabic scientific terms in the post-classical period. Composed by an anonymous author, it contains over eighteen hundred definitions in the realm of twenty-one religious, literary, and rational sciences. The work was dedicated to the Muzaffarid Shāh Shujāʿ, who ruled over Shiraz and its neighbouring regions from 759/1358 to 786/1384. The present volume contains a critical edition of Maqālīd al-ʿulūm based on its three extant manuscripts. In the introduction, the editors review previous scholarship on the text, present an overview of patronage at the court of Shāh Shujāʿ and identify some of the sources used by the author of the work. They suggest that the work in its structure mirrors Abū ʿAbdullāh Khwārazmī’s Mafātīḥ al-ʿulūm, completed in 366/976.

Peace be upon you, dear subscribers of the psychology channel. To fulfill the desire of some of those who have asked us for lessons on YouTube, we announce this channel in which we will present topics related to specialists and non-specialists in the field of psychology in addition to books and cultural topics. We kindly ask you to comment on the ideas you want us to present and Posted it
Note: The channel is in Arabic and English

The manuscripts on which the edition is based come from Cairo Geniza store rooms. They consist of two manuscripts for each of the two texts—testimony to the impact of al-Ṣāḥib’s education policy on the contemporaneous Jewish community in Cairo. The longer treatise of al-Ṣāḥib of ca. 350/960, possibly his Kitāb Nahj al-sabīl fī uṣūl al-dīn, appears to be the earliest Muʿtazilī work preserved among the Jewish community. The second, briefer treatise also contains a commentary by ʿAbd al-Jabbār al-Hamadānī (d. 415/1025).

Was There a Zaydī usūl al-fıqh? Searching for the Essence of Zaydī Legal Theory in the School’s First Complete Usūl Work: al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq’s (340-424/951-1033) “al-Mujzī fī usūl al-fıqh”

Author/s: Ahmet Temel

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.12658/human.society.6.11.M0142

Year: 2016 Vol: 6 Number: 1

Abstract

This paper examines a recently discovered and published text, al-Mujzī fī uşūl al-fiqh, which the Zaydīs have commonly labeled as their school’s first written work on uşūl al-fiqh. Written by al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq, who reportedly had close relationships with Mu‘tazīlī scholars, this book is important for tracing the essence of Zaydī legal theory and interrelation between the Zaydiyya and Mu‘tazila in the field of uşūl al-fiqh. I argue that this work represents and draws upon Mu‘tazīlī, as opposed to Zaydī, legal theory. A certain part of this text was published earlier with attribution to Abū al-Husayn al-Başrī as a section of his work Sharh al-‘umad. This attribution is also discussed within the paper. The paper consists of three main sec- tions: a brief biography of al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq and a list of his works, the attribution of the text and an outline of the structure and method in al-Mujzī, and an attempt to determine the text’s identity by examining the authoritative voices in it and its influence later Zaydī literature and by comparing certain cases to those existing in a Mu‘tazilī uşūl text (al-Mu‘tamad) and a Zaydī uşūl text (Safwat al-ikhtiyar).

Shii Studies Review, Volume One Issue One, dedicated to Hossein Modarressi, is about to go to the press. Here is a preview of its contents:
Editors’ Preface
Articles
Abū Yaʿqūb al-Siǧistānī and his Iṯbāt al-nubuwwāt (Prophecy’s Proof)
Paul Walker
L'auteur des Rasāʾil Iḫwān al-Ṣafāʾ selon les sources ismaéliennes ṭayyibites
Daniel De Smet
Naṣṣ: Some Clarification on an Expository Term
Rodrigo Adem
Treatises on the Salvation of Abū Ṭālib
Nebil Husayn
Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī’s Kašf al-rība ʿan aḥkām al-ġība and Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī’s Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn
Devin Stewart
Notes on an Arabic translation of the Pentateuch in the library of the Twelver Šīʿī scholar Raḍī al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Saʿd Ibn Ṭāwūs (d. 664/1266)
Sabine Schmidtke
Shii Treasures in North American and European Libraries
A Zaydī Multitext Manuscript from the Glaser Collection (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin): MS Glaser 37
Ekaterina Pukhovaya
Philosophical Theology among sixth/twelfth century Twelver Šīʿites: From Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (alive in 573/1177) to Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (d. 672/1274): A Critical Edition of Two Theological Tracts by ʿAbd Allāh Ibn Ḥamza al-maʿrūf bi-Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Preserved in MS Landberg 510 (Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University)
Hassan Ansari & Sabine Schmidtke
Short Notices
“The Acquisition and Transmission of Knowledge: The Role of Shīʿī Institutions of Learning in the Spread and Defense of a Tradition” (Shi’i Studies Group at the University of Chicago, Annual Meeting, April 1-2, 2016) (Conference report)
Edmund Hayes
“Second International Conference on Shi’i Studies” (London, May 7-8, 2016) (Conference report)
Edmund Hayes
“Intellectual Interactions in the Islamic World: The Ismaili Thread” (The Institute of Ismaili Studies, London, October 19-21, 2016) (Conference report)
Orkhan Mir-Kasimov

@litera9
Previously presented as a feature on the Corcoran Gallery of Art website from 2011 through September 2014, this scholarly apparatus contains in-depth research and documentation for each of the 102 paintings highlighted in the accompanying volume Corcoran Gallery of Art: American Paintings to 1945. These works are among the nearly 9,000 Corcoran works that have been accessioned by the National Gallery of Art. The apparatus provides provenance, exhibition history, published and unpublished references, technical notes, and data on related works, and is a significant resource for art historians, educators, and the general public. The extensive research on these paintings resulted in recovering more than 50 original titles, dates, and attributions, and filling in numerous provenance gaps. While this information was kept up to date through 2014, more recent research on each work can be found on the collection pages of the National Gallery of Art website. (When the Corcoran Gallery of Art closed in 2014 the National Gallery of Art accessioned much of its collection and became custodian of its publications. This and other out-of-print Corcoran volumes have been made freely available as PDFs in an effort to perpetuate the legacy of that institution.)

Myths, Martyrs, and Modernity

Studies in the History of Religions in Honour of Jan N. Bremmer

Series: 

Numen Book Series, Volume: 127

Editors: Jitse Dijkstra, Justin Kroesen, and Yme Kuiper

This volume in honour of Jan N. Bremmer contains the contributions of numerous students, colleagues, and friends offered to him on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Throughout his career, Bremmer has distinguished himself as an internationally renowned scholar of religion both past and present, including first and foremost Greek and Roman religion, but also early Christianity and post-classical developments in religion and spirituality. In line with these three main areas of Bremmer’s research, the volume is divided into three parts, bringing together contributions from distinguished scholars in many fields. The result is a diverse book which provides a broad spectrum of original ideas and innovative approaches in the history of religions, thus reflecting the nature of the scholarship of Bremmer himself.

Keys to the Sciences (Maqālīd al-ʿulūm) AGift for the Muzaffarid Shāh Shujāʿ on the Definitions of Technical Terms

David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig - Introduction to the Practice of Statistics-W. H. Freeman (2014)

With this updated new edition, the market-leading Introduction to the Practice of Statistics (IPS) remains unmatched in its ability to show how statisticians actually work. Its focus on data analysis and critical thinking, step-by-step pedagogy, and applications in a variety of professions and disciplines make it exceptionally engaging to students learning core statistical ideas.

Myths, Martyrs, and Modernity

Studies in the History of Religions in Honour of Jan N. Bremmer

Series: 

Numen Book Series, Volume: 127

Editors: Jitse Dijkstra, Justin Kroesen, and Yme Kuiper

This volume in honour of Jan N. Bremmer contains the contributions of numerous students, colleagues, and friends offered to him on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Throughout his career, Bremmer has distinguished himself as an internationally renowned scholar of religion both past and present, including first and foremost Greek and Roman religion, but also early Christianity and post-classical developments in religion and spirituality. In line with these three main areas of Bremmer’s research, the volume is divided into three parts, bringing together contributions from distinguished scholars in many fields. The result is a diverse book which provides a broad spectrum of original ideas and innovative approaches in the history of religions, thus reflecting the nature of the scholarship of Bremmer himself.

Was There a Zaydī usūl al-fıqh? Searching for the Essence of Zaydī Legal Theory in the School’s First Complete Usūl Work: al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq’s (340-424/951-1033) “al-Mujzī fī usūl al-fıqh”

Author/s: Ahmet Temel

DOI: dx.doi.org/10.12658/human.society.6.11.M0142

Year: 2016 Vol: 6 Number: 1

Abstract

This paper examines a recently discovered and published text, al-Mujzī fī uşūl al-fiqh, which the Zaydīs have commonly labeled as their school’s first written work on uşūl al-fiqh. Written by al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq, who reportedly had close relationships with Mu‘tazīlī scholars, this book is important for tracing the essence of Zaydī legal theory and interrelation between the Zaydiyya and Mu‘tazila in the field of uşūl al-fiqh. I argue that this work represents and draws upon Mu‘tazīlī, as opposed to Zaydī, legal theory. A certain part of this text was published earlier with attribution to Abū al-Husayn al-Başrī as a section of his work Sharh al-‘umad. This attribution is also discussed within the paper. The paper consists of three main sec- tions: a brief biography of al-Natiq bi-l-Haqq and a list of his works, the attribution of the text and an outline of the structure and method in al-Mujzī, and an attempt to determine the text’s identity by examining the authoritative voices in it and its influence later Zaydī literature and by comparing certain cases to those existing in a Mu‘tazilī uşūl text (al-Mu‘tamad) and a Zaydī uşūl text (Safwat al-ikhtiyar).

Haadi Macaarem:
This monograph constitutes the first social and doctrinal history of shaykhism in the Qajare era (1786-1925), which, along with osulism, akhbarism and finally Shiite Sufism, has been one of the main currents for two centuries. Duodecimal Shiism. The author, who has resided for a long time in Iran to carry out his research, has plunged into the original sources of shaykhism to study its religious, political and social role . The book proposes to synthesize the doctrines developed by the Shaykhie School, to make understand the history of its origins and the modes of its implantation on the Iranian territory, to evaluate the daily interaction of its members with the surrounding society and to analyze the positions of his masters on the main political and religious upheavals that Qajare society knew.

To work on the social and doctrinal history of a given group is also to apprehend a period through a necessarily singular testimony. Thus, this work is also a contribution to the history of Iran during the Qajare period.

Denis HERMANN is a researcher at CNRS. A historian and specialist on Iran, he is particularly interested in the intellectual and social history of Shiism in the Qajare era and the Iranian constitutional movement of 1906-1911. He is the author and publisher of the following works: Kirmānī Shaykhism and the ijtihād . A Study of Abū al-Qāsim Khān Ibrāhīmī's Ijtihād wa taqlīd, Würzburg, Ergon Verlag, 2015; Shi'i Trends and Dynamics in the Modern Times (XVIIIth-XXth centuries). Shiite currents and dynamics in modern times (18th-20th centuries) , D. Hermann and S. Mervin (eds.), Beirut, OIB / IFRI, 2010; Muslim Cultures in the Indo-Iranian World during the Early-Modern and Modern Periods, D. Hermann and F. Speziale (ed.), Berlin, Klaus Schwarz Verlag / IFRI, 2010.


Table of contents
Foreword
Abbreviation list
Warnings
Introduction

Part one. The birth of Shaykhism

First chapter. The life and work of Šayḫ Aḥmad al-Aḥsā'ī
Second chapter. Sayyid Kāẓim Raštī and the birth of shaykhism
Third chapter. The division of shaykhis at the death of Sayyid Kāẓim Raštī
Fourth chapter. Introduction to Shaykhism Doctrine Part

Two. The organization of shaykhic communities

First chapter. The establishment of shaykhism in Iran
Second chapter. The use of waqf under the direction of Muḥammad Karīm Ḫān Kirmānī
Third chapter. The use of waqf under the direction of Muḥammad Ḫān Kirmānī

Third part. Social relations between shaykh and non-shaykhy communities

First chapter. Dialectic and sociology of the conflict between shaykhis and non-shaykhis
Second chapter. Violence between bālāsarī and shaykhis in Hamadan in 1315/1898
Third chapter. The conflict between bālāsarī and shaykhis in Kerman in 1323/1905

Part
four . Shaykhis in the face of political and religious upheavals
First chapter. The historiography of the relations between babism and shaykhism
Second chapter. The anti-Babie shaykhie mobilization
Third chapter. The reaction of the shaykhis kirmānī to the "shock of the West"

Conclusion

Glossary
Bibliography
Index

Call for Papers: Shiʿi Piety: Theory and Materiality from Premodern to Postmodern, November 16, 2018

Hosted by the Leiden University Shiʿi Studies Initiative (LUSSI)

This one-day workshop brings together graduate students and early career scholars working on topics related to Shiʿism in all periods and from any disciplinary perspective. The workshop is open to work on Zaydi, Twelver, Ismaili and other forms of Shiʿism. The aim is thereby to allow for the discussion both of micro-historical and ethnographic specificities as well as long durée patterns and developments.

The workshop will address the concept of piety in its material expression, its literary representation and its theoretical articulation.

Central topics include:

• Belief and its implications in philosophy, theology, and law
• Rites and rituals in spaces and texts
• Spatial, material, and literary manifestations of piety
• Networks
• Impiety
• The daily lives of pious beings

We particularly welcome scholars working on the intersection between the material expression of piety, and the intellectual or theoretical articulation of what it means to be Shiʿi. Contributions will be expected to be clear in how they define and understand piety, whether a theological conception or as lived tradition.

For consideration, please send a 300-word abstract to lussi@hum.leidenuniv.nl by July 15th.

The language of the workshop will be English. Travel subsidies will be available for participants.

About the Leiden University Shiʿi Studies Initiative:
Islamic studies is a flourishing field, but the study of Shiʿi Islam in all its forms still remains underpopulated. The primary objective of LUSSI is to connect scholars and address lacunae in the field by promoting the study of Shiʿism in all its expressions and disciplinary approaches.

✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃
💠💠💠💠﷽💠💠💠💠💠

🌺 A Shi'ite Anthology 🌺

Foreword

If one studies the literature of Islam carefully, one will immediately encounter a vast and varied field of material.

First there is the network of laws and regulations which makes up Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and which takes into consideration and regulates man's every individual and social "movement and rest", activity and situation, at every moment of time, in every place and under all conditions, as well as every particular and general occurrence related to human life.

Second there is a vast range of moral and ethical expositions which weighs every sort of moral activity, whether praiseworthy or blamable, and presents as a model for human society that which befits the perfection of man.

Finally on the level of Islam's overall view of Reality there is the general "philosophy" of Islam, that is, its sciences relating to cosmology, spiritual anthropology and finally the knowledge of God, presented in the clearest possible expression and most direct manner.

On a more profound level of study and penetration it will become obvious that the various elements of this tradition, with all their astonishing complexity and variety, are governed by a particular kind of interrelationship; that all of these elements are reducible in the final analysis to one truth, the "Profession of God's Unity" (tawhid), which is the ultimate principle of all the Islamic sciences.

"A good word is as a good tree—its roots are in heaven, it gives its produce every season by the leave of its Lord"
(Quran 14 : 24).

The noble sayings and writings presented in the present work were selected and translated from the traditions left by the foremost exponents of Islam. They include expositions elucidating the principle of tawhid and making clear the fundamental basis of all Islamic sciences and pursuits.

At the same time they contain excellent and subtle allusions to the manner in which the important remaining sciences are ordered and organized around tawhid, how the moral virtues are based upon it, and how finally the practical aspects of Islam are founded upon and derived from these virtues.

Finally, 'Ali's "Instructions to Malik al-Ashtar" clarify the general situation of Islamic society in relation to the practical application of Islamic government.

All the traditions translated in the present work are summarized in the following two sentences: "Islam is the religion of seeing things as they are" and "Islam means to submit to the Truth (al-haqq) and to follow It in one's beliefs and actions."

Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i

💠💠@AbodeofWisdom 💠💠💠
✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃

✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃
💠💠💠💠﷽💠💠💠💠💠

🌺 A Shi'ite Anthology 🌺

Foreword

If one studies the literature of Islam carefully, one will immediately encounter a vast and varied field of material.

First there is the network of laws and regulations which makes up Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and which takes into consideration and regulates man's every individual and social "movement and rest", activity and situation, at every moment of time, in every place and under all conditions, as well as every particular and general occurrence related to human life.

Second there is a vast range of moral and ethical expositions which weighs every sort of moral activity, whether praiseworthy or blamable, and presents as a model for human society that which befits the perfection of man.

Finally on the level of Islam's overall view of Reality there is the general "philosophy" of Islam, that is, its sciences relating to cosmology, spiritual anthropology and finally the knowledge of God, presented in the clearest possible expression and most direct manner.

On a more profound level of study and penetration it will become obvious that the various elements of this tradition, with all their astonishing complexity and variety, are governed by a particular kind of interrelationship; that all of these elements are reducible in the final analysis to one truth, the "Profession of God's Unity" (tawhid), which is the ultimate principle of all the Islamic sciences.

"A good word is as a good tree—its roots are in heaven, it gives its produce every season by the leave of its Lord"
(Quran 14 : 24).

The noble sayings and writings presented in the present work were selected and translated from the traditions left by the foremost exponents of Islam. They include expositions elucidating the principle of tawhid and making clear the fundamental basis of all Islamic sciences and pursuits.

At the same time they contain excellent and subtle allusions to the manner in which the important remaining sciences are ordered and organized around tawhid, how the moral virtues are based upon it, and how finally the practical aspects of Islam are founded upon and derived from these virtues.

Finally, 'Ali's "Instructions to Malik al-Ashtar" clarify the general situation of Islamic society in relation to the practical application of Islamic government.

All the traditions translated in the present work are summarized in the following two sentences: "Islam is the religion of seeing things as they are" and "Islam means to submit to the Truth (al-haqq) and to follow It in one's beliefs and actions."

Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i

💠💠@AbodeofWisdom 💠💠💠
✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃✨🍃